Discuss Friel’s presentation Essay Example for Free

Discuss Friel’s presentation Essay In the time ‘Dancing at Lughnasa’ was set Gerry and Chris’s relationship would have been extremely unorthodox and would have circulated a lot of town gossip. Having a child out of wedlock was extremely shocking and making the decision to then keep Michael even more so. In 1936 women had very few rights and with the shock of Michael being born only the towns respect for their brother, a missionary, kept them from being societal lepers. Friel presents the relationship between Gerry and Chris by using stage directions to show the true feelings between them and how their relationship is sustained. Having Gerry and Chris talking in the garden while the four other sisters are inside listening intently shows how little privacy the two have in their relationship. When Gerry first arrives Chris appears extremely cold and offhand in front of him using one word answers ‘Chris: Hello, Gerry†¦ yes†¦yes. ’ All of this gives the impression that she has very little time for him and doesn’t particularly care about him. However Friel’s staging shows the audience that she really does care because we see her reaction before Gerry comes on stage. Friel portrays her as standing stock still in shock then, when coming to her senses, rushing around panicking, ‘adroitly adjusts her hair and clothes. ’ It is the panic before the extract that shows her much Chris truly does care about Gerry and also about how little the sisters have in their lives due to the their scramble to make themselves presentable. This highlights how Gerry is a key romantic figure in the play because even though all the while the sisters are saying ‘Kate: He won’t stay the night here’ and ‘Rose: I hate him!’ they still all end up crowding around the window to listen in and watch, suggesting that though disapproving they still half wish to be in Chris’s shoes. The social constraints of the situation lead them to wanting Gerry out of the families lives, but still the desire is there through the constant comments. These comments are key to the suggestion of an invasion of privacy, ‘Maggie: you should see the way she’s looking at him†¦Kate: they’re not still talking are they? ’ Friel is trying to show how hard it must be for Gerry and Chris to live in such an enclosed area where everyone knows everyone’s business, thus exploring a theme of romance, or lack of romance. This is continued throughout the extract, the fact that Gerry never visits ‘Chris: 13 months’ making the relationship seem very one sided Chris remembering the last visit to the day while Gerry can’t remember the month. Gerry proposes to Chris at the very end of the extract and this gives a sign that maybe he does care about her. Even though Chris turns him down there is still the slight remembrance of this moment throughout the rest of the play, leading to the audiences opinion that maybe Gerry does truly care for Chris despite leaving her alone with child. However through Michael’s narrative closer to the end of the play in the second act we find out that Gerry already had ‘a wife and three grown children’, Friel choosing to leave this revelation till the end to produce a far more dramatic climax to their relationship. It is then that the audience realises that Gerry never intended to marry Chris and only offered in the knowledge that she would refuse. This all gives the impression that there is never any real closeness or intimacy for the two of them and the whole summer of happiness before, ‘suddenly he takes her in his arms and dance. ’ was a lie. A large influence on Friel when writing ‘Dancing at Lughnasa’ was the changing role of women in society. Thatcher had just been Prime Minister and women’s rights were becoming much more accepted in the 1990’s, perhaps why Friel chose to make this such a large part of the play. Set in 1936 the Mundy sisters would not have been at all accepted by society with Chris having Michael out of wedlock and then deciding to keep him. Changing attitudes within society would have influenced Friel’s interpretation of Chris and Gerry’s relationship. Friel depicted this family as an example of what is yet to come, the sisters supported Chris throughout and after her pregnancy even though it went against societies beliefs, thus inflicting Chris’s embarrassment upon themselves as well yet still sticking together as a family. Friel emphasizes that women should have the right to do as they please through the disruption of outside influences. At the beginning of the play the sisters are happy in their little bubble making jokes about the outside world ‘Maggie: steady on girl, today its lipstick; tomorrow it’s the gin bottle’ although never participating in it. It’s when they begin to allow others into their circle that things begin to go down hill for them. Before Gerry’s arrival they were all dancing and laughing but his arrival marked a change for them all, Friel perhaps suggesting that women don’t need the influences of men and all they bring with them is destruction. Danny Bradley and Rose are another example of this, the death of Rose’s defenceless white rooster is symbolic of mans predatory nature and the violence of this act implies violence between Rose and Bradley. Therefore Friel is portraying women as stronger without the male interference, Chris and Gerry’s relationship is used to highlight this as it is obvious to the audience that Chris would have been better off without Gerry in the first place but it is this continued procrastinating relationship that truly destroys her. The audience views Chris and Gerry’s relationship with trepidation throughout the play due to Friel’s depiction of him as a stereotypical womaniser. Kate calls him a ‘Loafer! Wastrel! ’ but conveniently neglects to mention the obvious charisma he has. In a short few minutes of conversation he has turned Chris from cold and unwelcoming ‘Chris: Thirteen months. ’ To one who is warm and laughing and allows Gerry to ‘dance her lightly, elegantly across the garden. ’ The audience views this exchange with surprise having heard only very negative things about Gerry from the sisters; the easy acceptance from Chris confuses them. The audience’s mistrust of Gerry’s character increases after the small discussion of Agnes between the two. Having already seen Agnes’s rigid, almost forced disinterest in Gerry, and then to have Gerry asking specifically after her Friel creates a slight unease for the audience, suggesting that something may have between the two of them. This leads to the audience beginning to see the cracks in the family’s foundations with Gerry seemingly at the centre of this. Friel enforces this idea of him being a womaniser later in act 2 when he begins to flirt with Agnes ‘Gerry: Dance with me Agnes.’ and then kisses her forehead, all of this watched by Chris. The audience begins to really mistrust Gerry at this point as it is obvious that he is the cause of conflict between the family they have come to love. The audience is seeing men in a bad light which relates to the feelings at the time it was being performed when the term ‘glass ceiling’ was coming into existence, women in the workplace being oppressed by men and now, in the play, them to being oppressed in relationships. There is the feeling that men can get away with any sort of misdemeanour by just walking away, leaving, whereas women i.  e. Chris, are always left with the result – a baby. Gerry’s carrying on represents this stereotypical male so that when the audience discovers that Gerry in fact has ‘a wife and three grown children’ it comes as no surprise. In conclusion, Friel presents Gerry and Chris’s relationship as something parallel to that of a pre 1990’s relationship. He wants to suggest to the audience that women no need longer depend on men by showing how much better off the Mundy sisters were before the arrival of Gerry and the conflict he brought within the family. Although the influences on Friel were all about the empowerment of women, he presents Gerry and Chris’s relationship with Gerry as the dominant figure, putting the play in the context of its setting and to show how the male dominance was a cause of the family breaking down. Through his presentation of the relationship he is evoking the idea that there are more possibilities available to an empowered women rather than a dominated one.

Summary of the Film Hero :: essays research papers

The Film, Hero In the Oxford Dictionary, Favorite is described as something or someone that you like, In this matter that something is the film called â€Å"Hero.† Roughly based on an assassination attempt of China’s first emperor Chin Shi Huang Di, the motion picture â€Å"Hero† discusses the life of a ancient warrior. The story describes the journey of a sword master who was determined to slay the king of the province Qin, the future emperor of united China. With the help of three assassins who’s goal in life was the death of the Qin King, the nameless warrior gets a chance to crush the future emperor China. This film consists of many twists and turns making it very exiting and unpredictable. This movie was a combination of calm and spectacular battle scenes which gives you the need to be one of the characters from the flick. The amazing actions scenes just leap out of the screen and the film is still able to touch your heart. In every second of this film, you can feel it’s powerful emotions, which gets you so caught up in the world of the movie, you hate to the return to present day world. This film dazzles it’s viewers by its vivid colours and the whole movie is a painting in motion. My favorite scene of â€Å"Hero† was the amazing but aggressive action scenes and also the deep drama it created. The plot of the movie was incredible. Though â€Å"Hero† was a spectacular film there were some things that I did not enjoy like, the film was much too serious and I did not like the factor that most of the movie was in flash backs. From intense action scenes to emotional drama, I think this film can

Language and communication difficulties Essay

1.3: Describe the potential impact of speech, language and communication difficulties on the overall development of a child, both currently and in the longer term. Lack of confidence: Throughout a child’s school life, as well as adulthood, individuals with SLCN will struggle to find confidence in a number of areas. Many children will come across as shy or timid, whereas they may actually be unable to say what they want to say through lack of understanding. Language barriers restrict a child’s opportunity to participate, and often leave them feeling unvalued or excluded. Without confidence, individuals will fail to become independent and possibly become reliant on adults or peers. Problem solving: Due to the lack of skills needed, problem solving can become an extremely daunting task. Barriers that may seem easy to overcome (for most individuals) can cause children with SLCN a huge amount of anxiety and stress. Children will not be able to fully understand how to manage problems, where to go to, or how to explain what exactly is wrong. Instead, many problems will be left alone, creating a higher level of stress. Emotional regulation: Dealing with emotions can be hard for everyone, but being able to communicate with others will often leave individuals with a sense of reassurance. Children with SLCN will find it harder to explain the emotions they are going through, and may not understand how to effectively manage their emotions as a consequence. As anxiety levels may be constant, children will often feel worried and nervous about situations. During adulthood, this may lead to stress and depression. Adults may isolate themselves which could have a significant impact on work, friendships and relationships. Behaviour control: Unfortunately, for some SLCN individuals, a lack of understanding can often lead to poor behaviour. Children, who find work too hard or confusing, can often allow their mind to wander, and become easily distracted. In turn, the child may cause distractions in lessons and seem to be behaving badly. The issue may be strengthened when the child is questioned and barriers prevent them answering confidently. Children struggle to stay on task and often leave work incomplete which may lead to further sanctions. EYMP5-1.3: Describe the potential impact of speech, language and communication difficulties on the overall development of a child, both currently and in the longer term. Academic Achievement: Children’s achievement will be greatly restricted as they will always find the work seemingly harder than their peers. Individuals with SLCN must be allowed time and space to complete tasks, and their instructions would be minimised to a level that they can understand. Due to the time management, they may have differentiated work patterns meaning that they are not completing as much work as their peers. Tests can cause huge amounts of stress and even for the brightest of students, a failure to understand questions as well as difficulties in managing emotions can lead to lower test scores. Making friends: Social impacts can include difficulties in friendships. Bonds between peers can become harder with SLCN children as they may not fully understand their role as a friend. Children may feel excluded from playtime activities and due to lack of confidence, decide to stay alone instead of participating. As children grow up, they will find it increasingly difficult to form friendships with children who are already in groups. During adulthood, this may not change. Adults may even fear employment, worrying that they do not  have the social skills to bond with other employees. Sustaining relationships: In adulthood in particular, sustaining relationships can be a very stressful situation. A lack of understanding between two people can lead to a distance in thought processes. The worry and anxiety levels of adults with SLCN can often be extremely high, and instead of â€Å"failing,† they may be reluctant to even try. Adults can often argue, which again would be a difficult task to overcome for someone with language and communication barriers. Many adults may not realise, or fully understand, what they need to do to correct situations and maintain healthy and positive relationships.

Hr Management An Hr Manager - 1394 Words

An HR manager needs to advocate a diverse workforce by making diversity qualities clear at all hierarchical levels, or some employees will rapidly reason that there is no future for them in the organization. As the HR manager, it is important to show regard for diversity issues and advance clear and positive reactions to them. Diversity can be defined as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, and valuing differences among people with respect to age, class, race, ethnicity, gender, disabilities, etc. (Esty et al. 1995, p. 1). The importance of having individuals with varying lifestyles in the workforce from a human resource professional perspective is that you have to keep in mind the end goal to meet these challenges, and it is fundamental to obtain top administration responsibility. Also, the gifted training and broadness of departmental learning HR retain, and a mutual understanding that managing diversity is not a separate issue to be explained but rather a continuous and lon g practice. It is this commitment and shared understanding that is needed to sustain the willingness to work together when employees do not share skills and abilities, values, experiences, culture, and ways of interpreting the meaning and solving problems (Zane, 2002, p. 438). Managing diversity at companies requires that employees make a global and peaceful environment which highlights a better spotlight of the organization with individuals looking for occupations, therefore ready to pull inShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management : An Hr Manager Essay805 Words   |  4 Pagesthe course and I have acquired knowledge of human resource management. Appraising through Thomas Kilman conflict mode instrument (Raines, 2013), I have understood my character which is suitable for guiding employees in a company, as I have patience, teaching experience and leadership skills. Therefore, I will focus on training part as an HR senior manager in the future. In order to achieve my career target, I have found that just learn HR course is not enough, as a good trainer should have experienceRead MoreDiscussion Questions Hrm1655 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion Questions 1. Explain what HR management is and how it relates to the management process. Human Resource Management is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns. The HR management function is all about the staffing activity. Staffing is all about personnel management. Staffing is basically determining what type of people you want to hire and the selection of those peopleRead MoreThe Changing Role of Hr Management1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Changing Role of HR Management University of Phoenix Human Resources Management The Changing Role of HR Management For years, businesses relied on personnel departments for the management of their employees. The primary concerns of the personnel departments included attendance records, benefits, and salary. Therefore, the personnel departments did not consider the importance of contributions a company’s employees made to the business. These contributions included such things as diversityRead MoreHarrison Brothers Corporation Case Study1570 Words   |  7 Pagescase from the course text, Human Resource Management Applications: Cases, Exercises, Incidents, and Skill Builders, located on page 13. The Role of the HR Manager Brenda McCain views her responsibilities as challenging given that multiple areas of the corporation’s operation need improvement in order to better align with the updated store business strategy. She clearly expresses several areas of need that fall within some functions of HR Management; however, after careful review and discussionRead MoreAuthor John W. Boudreau, Ph.D., Presents A Compelling Case1573 Words   |  7 Pagescase study of how IBM totally restructured its HR organization. According to Boudreau (2010), â€Å"IBM had created a unique workforce management initiative (WMI) that reflected the increasing need for global organizations to have a transparent and comprehensive view of their talent supply, requirements and implications for business strategy† (p. 1). A close examination of IBM’s realignment of its HR function seems to show a move towards flattening out its HR organization in order to make it more responsiveRead MoreArgument of Hr1723 Word s   |  7 PagesArgument of HR 1. Executive Summary This paper explores the deficiencies of the two briefs which are â€Å"Anyone can do HR† and â€Å"HR focuses on costs which must be controlled†. Obviously, these two briefs are one-sided. He can not fully understand the important position in the development of a enterprise. In modern times, HR has been promoted to a high degree of enterprise development strategies and plays more and more important roles in the development of enterprises. In the modern business managementRead MoreWhy Line Manager Is Increasing Important1174 Words   |  5 Pagesto Human Resource Management (HRM). Recently, a large number of researches have indicated that using HR practices, such as training and development, performance appraisal, information sharing or participation, in HRM will in a certain term improve HRM outcomes (Connie Zheng, Mark Morrison Grant O’Neill, 2006: 50). However, with the development of Human Resource Management, HR practices are no longer just be used by HR managers, increasing line managers are required to execute HR practices at theRead MoreHuman Resource Management and Hr1030 Words   |  5 PagesThe report below sets out the importance of the HR function, explains how HR activities support the organisation’s strategy and ways HR sup port line managers and their staff. The HR Function is in a position to add value by proper formulation and implementations of the following activities and in turn support the organisation strategy. Recruitment and Selection Recruiting the wrong people can lead to a drop in productivity, lack of commitment, low morale, and rapid staff turnover, all of whichRead MoreCase Study on Change Management1607 Words   |  7 PagesAbout the Case Study This case study is about the Human Resources Management challenges faced by a retail organization and the appropriate HR Technology solution provided to meet out these challenges. About the Organization in Case Study The organization in the study is one of the largest retail stores chain across the globe. They have around 100 retail stores in India in different locations and looking to expand further to more than 200 store across India. Organizational Structure OrganizationRead MoreThe Importance Of A Good Human Resource Department1748 Words   |  7 Pagesis essential to any successful businesses in today’s society. Before human resource managers were seen as people who deal with employee disputes and little more, now this is just one small part of their role to organisations. Human resource is a huge department for reasons as being a key planner in helping company’s employee performances. In this essay I will be exploring the different types of personnel management that is used, assessing the roles of human resource practitioners, Evaluating the responsibilities

The Classification Of E M Services - 1308 Words

by an APRN fall within the APRN’s scope of practice under their state law. Commercial third-party payers do not consistently provide reimbursement for the APRN; however, their rates and policies differ (Buppert, 2005). The APRN submits either current procedural terminology (CPT) codes or evaluation and management (EM) codes for Medicare reimbursement. CPT codes are a systematic listing and coding of procedures or services performed by the APRN. The American Medical Association (AMA) establishes, maintains, and copyrights the CPT codes. The ï ¬ ve-digit number allocated to each code indicates a particular service or procedure. CPT codes provide a consistent description of the services rendered that is shared between medical†¦show more content†¦Comprehensive is a general multi-system examination or complete examination of a single organ system and other symptomatic or related body area or organ system. The type and extent of the examination is determined by clinical judgment, patient’s history, and nature of the problem. The classification of EM services endorse four types of clinical medical decision making: straightforward, low complexity, moderate complexity, and high complexity. Clinical decisions refer to the complexity of establishing a diagnosis or choosing a management option. The complexity is determined by the volume of possible diagnoses or management options, and the volume or complexity of medical records, diagnostic tests, or other information that must be obtained, reviewed, and analyzed. The risk of complications, morbidity or mortality, and comorbidities associated with the patient s problem, the diagnostic procedure or management options also determines the classification of medical decision making (Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, 2014b). The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes. ICD includes the evaluation of the overall health conditions of populations and is used to surveil the incidence and prevalence of diseases and other health issues. ICD is used by the APRN to classify diseases

International Human Resource Management - 3727 Words

European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences ISSN 1450-2275 Issue 29 (2011)  © EuroJournals, Inc. 2011 http://www.eurojournals.com Current Trends and Future Directions of Human Resource Management Practices: A Review of Literature Ogunyomi, O. Paul Department of Industrial Relations Personnel Management University of Lagos, Nigeria E-mail: yomipaul@mail.com Shadare, A. Oluseyi Department of Industrial Relations and Personnel Management University of Lagos, Nigeria E-mail: seyidare2001@yahoo.co.uk Chidi, O. Christopher Department of Industrial Relations Personnel Management University of Lagos, Nigeria E-mail: krischidi2002@yahoo.com Abstract The management of people at work has evolved over a long period of†¦show more content†¦HRM emerged in the early 1980s as a response of US to the economic success of Japan (Jones, 1996). Blyton and Turnball (1992) distinguish two approaches to HRM; namely ‘Harvard Model’ which has great influence on academics and ‘Michigan School’. Harvard model emphasises the need for line managers to accept more responsibilities for ensuring the matching of competitive strategy and personnel policies and to develop policies that encourage the developm ent and implementation personnel activities which make them interwoven. Michigan school on the other hand suggests that HR systems and organisation structure should be managed in such a way that makes possible the alignment with organisational strategy. This paper set out to review relevant literature on human resource management practices, as well as the periodised history of human resource management with a view to identifying current trends and future directions of human resource management. 2.0. Review of Relevant Literature According to Beach (1975) as cited in Fajana (2002), industrial revolution of the early 1800s made the management of people at work a complex and challenging field of endeavour. Managing people at work has evolved through the following labels. †¢ Labour Administration †¢ Labour and Staff Administration †¢ Personnel Administration †¢ Personnel Management †¢ Human ResourceShow MoreRelatedInternational Human Resource Management945 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Human Resource Management (HRM) involves all decisions that directly affect the people who work for the concerned organizations and corporate enterprises. Hence, HRM can be termed as a strategic and coherent approach to an organization’s most prized asset- the people working there, who individually and collectively strive towards achieving the organizational goals. In simple words, HRM means employing people, developing their capacities, utilizing, maintaining compensating theirRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management3101 Words   |  13 PagesContents 1. Introduction 2 2. International HRM 2 2.1 Expatriate 3 2.2 Factors Affecting companies in an international level 3 3. Activities of HR managers in local and international level 4 3.1 HR Planning and Analysis: 4 3.2 Equal Employment Opportunities: 4 3.3 Recruitment and Selection process: 5 3.4 Motivation, Compensation and Benefits: 5 3.5 Health, Safety and Security: 5 3.6 Management Employee relationships: 6 4. Conclusion and Recommendation 6 5. References andRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management1251 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the main similarities and differences between domestic and international HRM? †¢ More HR activities. †¢ The need for a broader perspective †¢ More involvement in employees’ personal lives. †¢ Changes in emphasis as the workforce mix of expatriates and a local varies. †¢ Risk exposure. †¢ Broader external influences. †¢ Cultural awareness and the role of the international HR manager o Despite the methodological concerns about cross-culturalRead MoreInternational Hrm : International Human Resource Management Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesInternational HRM is the interaction between the human resource functions, countries and types of employees1 - parent country nationals (PCNs), local or host country nationals (HCNs), and nationals from neither the parent nor host country but from a third country (TCNs). Performing HR operations with an international perspective is the essence of international human resource management i.e. when the human resource management assumes a global perspective; it becomes international human resourceRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction According to the definition provided by the academia education web portal, human resource management has replaced personnel management over the time period and it consist of various strategies, policies and processes. International Human Resource Management (IHRM) is a â€Å"Process of employing, developing and rewarding people in international or global organizations†. Types of organizations While concentrating on the IHRM in the vast developing economic nature, it is highly important toRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management Practices Essay2277 Words   |  10 Pagesto enter into the international business through exporting their product to the different parts of the world or licensing or joint ventures to gain higher profit. By following the paths of international business may encounter the new challenges that are coming along with international human resource management. International human resource management is the set of distinct activities, functions and processes developed by MNC’s, to attract, develop and maintain their human resources. (Taylor et al,Read MoreQuestions On International Human Resource Management Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagescase study Please find completed case study on International Human Resource Management-Padi Cepat on the basis for your reading and action. Sign: Name: Patel Nimisha Paper Title International Human Resource Management Paper Code 95.892(B) Term 1 2015 Lecturers : Dr. RobertRead MoreManaging International Human Resource Management1860 Words   |  8 Pagesin turn created the need for International Human Resource Management (IHRM) roles (Scullion, 2001). Human resource management is progressively becoming a major factor that can determine the success or failure of MNC’s. Scullion (2001) concluded that HR strategies play a vital role in implementation and control in MNC’s, and alignment between HR strategies and the organisational structure of MNC’s often results in superior outcomes. In order to strive, human resources must be managed effectively toRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management. Introduction.1701 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Human Resource Management Introduction Human resource managers, outlines, directs and facilitates the regulatory elements of an association. They supervise the selecting, meeting, and contracting of new staff; counsel with top officials on the key Strategic obligation; and fill in as a connection between an association s administration and its workers. To flourish in the disorderly and turbulent business condition, firms need to always enhance and be â€Å"on the ball† regarding businessRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management Practices1205 Words   |  5 PagesEurope. Human resources management (HRM) practices and model depends on the actual extensions of national business. Indeed local business with the ambition of being multinational will export their model and corporate culture to a targeted country. Against a backdrop of multinational corporations (MNCs), globalization, emerging markets, increasing internationalization and cross-national activity by MNCs, there is a need to focus on the implementatio n of international human resource management practices

Managing Value Chain Global Economy

Question: Discuss about the Managing Value Chain for Global Economy. Answer: Introduction: Globalization is the process of international integration of markets in the global economy. The pace of globalization has increased for a couple of reasons. The development in integrated communications technology and transport has accelerated the pace of globalization. Globalization has been a driver significant growth in the industry economics. It has become the catchword for the international economy and the nations have become greatly interdependent through flow of goods and services across borders (Beck 2014). In the recent times, the globalization processes are viewed from the perspectives of value chains. Value chain analysis can be defined as the tool for creating greatest possible value for the customers. The businesses are paid to take raw inputs and they add value to them that could be worth to people. When these values are coordinated across geographies, it is stated as global value chain (Pananond 2013). The activity of value chain includes design, production, marketing, distribution and support to the final consumer (Geisler 2016). The idea of value chain was developed by Michael Porter who classified the activities into primary and secondary (Fearne, Martinez and Dent 2012). The primary activities include inbound logistics where the inputs are received. Then, under operations the inputs are transformed into outputs. Next, the outbound activities involve distribution. The buyers are informed about the products and services under marketing and sales. Lastly, the service activities are included after the products are sold and delivered. The secondary activities include procurement, technological development, human resource management and infrastructure (Fearne, Martinez and Dent 2012). The aim of this essay is to evaluate the impact of globalization on the value chain based on the literature and experience. Every organization makes decisions that affect the profitability and competitive advantage. Going global is one of the strategies to gain competitive advantage for organizations. Value chain analysis can be used to formulate competitive strategies and developing linkages that create value in the global world (Antrs and Chor 2013). Porter suggests an environment for co-ordinating and sharing of activities between nations. The different nations have different market focus and customer demands that require co-ordination across product lines and boundaries. The organizations search for competitive advantage beginning with the strategic choices and position within the industry. An organization must implement competitive strategy for achieving competitive advantage (Antrs and Chor 2013). Value is determined by unique combination of attributes, related to products and services as it is important to the customer. For example, the value of multinational automobiles such as Ferrari or Fiat is determined only by customer perception. Value is added from the specific functions performed by them. The organization may compete in design while working closely with advertising or material procurement (Antrs and Chor 2013). Value chain activities are not a collection of independent activities. Competitive advantage can result from any of these linkages. Globalization provides access to cheap raw materials, energy sources and better environment regulations (Antrs and Chor 2013). With low cost, the companies can attain cost leadership thereby adding to the competitive advantage. The competitors from regions across the world having different value chains are competing against established market leaders. With the increasing competition, the companies are competing on their strengths of supply chain. They aim to attain the greatest quality product at a lower price than the competitors. The companies are outsourcing manufacturing or technologies for lower price that helps in adding value across boundaries. For example, Vodafone has a competitive advantage over its competitors since it outsources IT environment to IBM (Thehindubusinessline.com 2016). Value chain finance can be defined as the financing provided by the value chain for enhancing value chain growth and competitiveness. The finance involves a wide range of products. Trade is not possible without finance. The organizations rely on external capital for covering its upfront costs (Amal et al. 2013). There are several financial factors that significantly affect the organization of global value chains across the territorial boundaries. The multinationals may choose to self-finance or get seasonal loans from buyers. The financial institutions offer short-term or long-term lines of credit, letters of credit and loans. For example, Nike subcontracts to unaffiliated products in Cambodia and Vietnam (Amal et al. 2013). The multinational enterprises are responsible for making three key decisions: the manufacturing location of the host country, integration of production abroad and network decisions for consumer markets. The financial frictions affect the multinational corporation s location, network decisions and integration (Amal et al. 2013). Finance acts as a critical input as it provides opportunities for the multinationals to enter into more lucrative markets. Without access to finance, the business would not grow and they can lose opportunities to compete and grow. Finance is relevant for value chain development because there needs to be an in-depth understanding of the global end markets. The approach seeks to facilitate changes in the organizational behaviour that increase competitiveness of chain. Value chain financing also helps in lending arrangement evolving from business relationships. The aspects for transactions also need to be considered. Since the transactions are made globally, the payment and delivery terms are also covered (Milberg and Winkler 2013). One of the reasons for the rising global value chain is upgrading technology. The global value chain must not be seen as a static structure, because they have the opportunity to erect barriers to entry. Global value chains aim at maximizing profit along the chain. Every value chain looks for commercial opportunities through new technologies or processes for increasing competitive advantage as a whole. The spread of global value chain has been enhanced due to technological advances. The technological advancement has reduced trade barriers and co-coordination cost. The development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been an important driver in the emergence of global value chains (Linstone and Phillips 2013). With the emergence of internet and reliable communication infrastructures, the costs of trade between countries have reduced. There has been an expansion in the operations of multinationals through foreign direct investment (FDI) and developing a closer relation with the investor (Adeniyi et al. 2012). Also, the development of electronic commerce has provided potential benefits in the global value chain. The organizations are getting new perspectives and enhancing their technology structure for economic, operational and competitive benefits. Electronic procurement has increased the availability of information thereby improving customer service by enhancing flow of information. The integration of technology in global value chain has provided tremendous savings to the organization and opened a new world of opportunities (Narula 2014). However, there is a chance of security breach. The information stored in the electronic database may be quicker, but the information technology systems are vulnerable to security breaches. It may lead to disruption of confidential data. Moreover, the start-up costs of implementing the information technology system may be costly. This would add to the administrative and training cost that must be provided to the employees of organization (Antrs and Chor 2013). People are the most significant source of value as the organizations can create significant competitive advantages. It depends on how well an organization recruits, hires, motivates and retains the employees. The purpose of the value chain is to create value for the companies as well as its customers (Ulrich 2013). Human resources focus on improving employees and organization performance. With globalization, there is a scope for diverse recruitment. The organizations are interacting with the customers and stakeholders in diverse languages and backgrounds. Also, it brings about a range of ideas in the organization. Also, the multinational organizations either try to take the companys culture into a nation, or emphasizes on localization for addressing market needs. The organizations can try and build good rapport with the local communities (Buller and McEvoy 2012). If the human resource issues are not established well and there are disparities in hiring and training processes, it shall affect the operations and lead to financial loss. The virtual teams and cross-cultural groups are also used for struggling with conflicts (Gonzlez-Loureiro et al. 2014). The human resources must work diligently and train the employees as they play a great role in creating value. They must be trained on cultural sensitivity. Additionally, globalization requires the employees to be acquainted with the foreign languages. The human resources help the organizations understand different laws of many jurisdictions in the business. Value can be created as the organization can change the requirements on working hours, minimum wage and tax allowances as per the need (Bratton and Gold 2012). The success of international trade depends on the local culture adopted by the company. The cultural issues are important in the value chains as in the global market; the culture or every nation is different. Once an organization crosses its national borders, they encounter complexities in the operations, sales and distribution process. The cultural issues become even more complex when people belonging to one geographic area prefer the other (Pieterse 2012). The studies show that the best results can be achieved if the business processes adapt with the local culture. Cultural complexities add to the global logistics. Cultural mixes are the greatest area of complexity as no mistakes can be made. The organizations may mostly get the expertise to cope up with exchange rates, finance and inflation, but they may not necessarily be able to understand the difference between customers in terms of history, language and laws that affect culture (Emmett and Crocker 2016). If an organization breaks taboo in another culture, the local culture might not want to conduct business with the country, thereby creating barriers to achieve optimum results. Cultural differences can have a huge impact when an organization wants to extend its business crossing boundaries. There may be misunderstandings, loss of contracts or money if the cultural differences are not well accepted (Schmeisser 2013). Different situations can be faced when working in a global environment. Multi-cultural teams may be established for handling business issues and creating value. Culture must be respected when working in the global environment. Value can be created through open and honest communication, transparency and various other techniques. The leaders of the organizations may take into account how each culture prefers to communicate (Emmett and Crocker 2016). Value chain analysis plays a critical role in policy making. The political risks play a critical role in the value chain. A localized crisis can have global repercussions. Value chain analysis is a valuable tool to investigate the role that value chains can play in achieving specific policy objectives, such as poverty alleviation, sustained growth and inequality reduction. For example, major investments in infrastructures that are crucial for a staple value chain can be planned on the basis of the recognition of the importance of that staple for food security (Ponte and Sturgeon 2013). The economies are not equally engaged or involved in the global value chains. The various economies participating in global value chains can be used in other economies exports (Ponte and Sturgeon 2013). The economic analysis allows analysts to determining for instance, the value added created by the overall value chain, the value added and margins for each economic agent at each stage of the chain, the value added distribution among factors such as capital: profits, labour: wages, other assets: rents (Neilson, Pritchard and Yeung 2014). Pretty much as most Cost-Benefit Analyses (CBAs), the economic analysis of a value chain is carried out both from the perspective of private agents, using market prices, and from the perspective of the society as a whole, using the so-called reference prices (Neilson, Pritchard and Yeung 2014). The organizations are greatly implementing corporate social responsibility practices in developing countries. The changes in the corporate value systems are driven my various factors. The multinational corporations are spread across the globe. With the globalization in production networks, the organization has to extend their CSR reach not just in the overseas subsidiaries but also various degrees of operational control (Caplan, Dutta and Lawson 2013). However, it is a challenge for the organizations to avoid weak CSR practices in the global value chains. CSR are related with international labour, meeting environmental standards and humanitarian practices. The adoption of such CSR practices by the company exerts an upward pull of the performance of suppliers (Caplan, Dutta and Lawson 2013). The CSR activities are focused on provision of environmental services. The multinational corporations are required to implement CSR practices within the country and crossing the borders to enhance the value chains (Bair and Palpacuer 2015). The value chain is enhanced by CSR practices as it creates high reputation in the global world. The government and other political bodies must ensure that the practices are being followed. The companies can also perform corrective actions using CSR practices that enhance global value chain (Soundararajan and Brown 2014). Some companies engage in more long term CSR projects with their suppliers to help them to reach compliance with their code or to increase their overall social and environmental performance. Emotional and social value appear to be somewhat expendable with consumers in a context of economic uncertainty, while CSR that provides functional value can become an even more salient criteria for decision making. CSR is as concept generated outside of the managerial experience, and contains normative connotations that lack clarity and specificity (Green and Peloza 2011). Conclusively, globalization and value chain analysis are interrelated. The pace of globalization has increased for a couple of reasons. The development in integrated communications technology and transport has accelerated the pace of globalization. Globalization has been a driver significant growth in the industry economics. Value chain analysis can be used to formulate competitive strategies and developing linkages that create value in the global world. Global value chains aim at maximizing profit along the chain. With low cost, the companies can attain cost leadership thereby adding to the competitive advantage. Globalization provides access to cheap raw materials, energy sources and better environment regulations. There are several financial factors that significantly affect the organization of global value chains across the territorial boundaries. Without access to finance, the business would not grow and they can lose opportunities to compete and grow. One of the reasons for the rising global value chain is upgrading technology. The development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been an important driver in the emergence of global value chains. The integration of technology in global value chain has provided tremendous savings to the organization and opened a new world of opportunities. The information stored in the electronic database may be quicker, but the information technology systems are vulnerable to security breaches. The organizations are interacting with the customers and stakeholders in diverse languages and backgrounds. If the human resource issues are not established well and there are disparities in hiring and training processes, it shall affect the operations and lead to financial loss. The success of international trade depends on the local culture adopted by the company. Cultural mixes are the greatest area of complexity as no mistakes can be made. Value chain analysis plays a critical role in policy making. 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